The five pillars of Islam are the most important principles for a Muslim. They consist of:

Declaration of Faith lautet "Aschhadu Anla ilaha illa Allah wa anna Muhammad rasul Allah". Das heißt soviel wie “I bear witness that there is no god except Allah alone, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His Messenger.”The declaration should be recited with conviction to clearly express one’s belonging to Islam.

The public declaration of this formula constitutes the first pillar. It is also an essential part of every ritual prayer. The declaration of faith is also called "shahada".

A Muslim should pray five times a day: before sunrise, at midday, in the afternoon, after sunset, and at night. The five prayers are obligatory.

Muslims pray facing Mecca. One performs specific movements, such as first standing, then bowing, sitting, or prostrating on the ground. In the ritual for the Islamic prayer, Reinigung ("Wudu") One washes, among other things, the face, the hands, and the feet.in freies Bittgebet (du´a) sprechen nach dem Salat

During the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast. Ramadan holds special significance for Muslims: it is the month in which the Qur’an was revealed as guidance for mankind. This period is understood as a time of inner reflection and spiritual contemplation for every Muslim.

From dawn until sunset, it is forbidden to eat, drink, smoke, or engage in sexual relations.

Sick people, breastfeeding women, and travelers are exempt from fasting but should make up the missed days later. Young children generally do not fast either. At the end of Ramadan, the Festival of Breaking the Fast (Eid al-Fitr) is celebrated.

"Zakat" ist die Unterstützung der Bedürftigen. Muslime, die nicht selbst hoch verschuldet sind oder unter dem Existenzminimum leben, sollen in der Regel 2,5 Prozent ihres "ruhenden Netto-Kapitalvermögens" einmal im Jahr spenden. “Zakat” is the support of those in need. Muslims who are not heavily indebted themselves or living below the subsistence level are generally required to donate 2.5 percent of their dormant net capital once a year. Dormant assets include cash, jewellery, and rental income, among others. A Muslim must have owned this wealth for at least one lunar year. Depending on the type of assets (such as natural resources, livestock, or agricultural products), the amount of zakat may vary. This obligatory charity is primarily intended for the poor. The donation promotes social security and a sense of community and is also regarded as a form of purification.

Once in a lifetime, Muslims should undertake a pilgrimage to Mecca if they are physically and financially able to do so. In Mecca, Muslims gather and circumambulate the Kaaba together seven times. During the pilgrimage, believers visit various sacred sites where they perform specific religious rites. Men wear very simple garments during the pilgrimage to avoid displaying social differences, as all are equal before God. This pilgrimage is called Hajj. The foundation stone of this sanctuary, the Kaaba, was laid by Abraham, the patriarch of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. The completion of the pilgrimage is celebrated on a grand scale and is considered one of the most important festivals in Islam. Das Ende der Pilgerfahrt wird im großen Stil gefeiert. Es ist das wichtigste Fest im Islam.